Jaipur was the first city in India that was planned according to the grid pattern. Its founder Sawai Jai Singh (1699 - 1744) consulted several books on architecture and architects before designing this city. In the aftermath of his fights with Marathas and buying of peace from aged Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, Jai Singh was able to concentrate on his scientific and cultural interests and Jaipur had to be different to mark the stamp of his brilliancy. Jai Singh was a lover of mathematics and science and he consulted a Brahmin scholar, Vidyadhar Bhattacharya of Bengal to help him design the city architecture. He went through the ancient Indian literature on astronomy, books of Ptolemy and Euclid, and information provided by his emissaries to Samarkand who observed the observatory of Mirza Beg.

Construction of the city started in 1727 and the major palaces, roads, and square took 4 years to complete. Architecture of the town was much advanced to its time and it was no doubt the best in Indian subcontinent. Pink, the sign of welcome was used to paint the buildings in Jaipur in 1853 to honor of the visiting Prince of Wells and is still used.